Microwave Chemistry Projects
Actual Projects
The innovative project is concerned with final stages of development and manufacturing of pilot installation of vacuum microwave dryer with 500 L chamber, its testing and implementation into industry. Industrial partner in this project is “VIVA Ltd” (Donetsk, Ukraine)
The main aim of the project consists in expanding of functional properties of chiral liquid crystals with addition of ferromagnetic, ferroelectric or luminescent inorganic additives of sub-micron size (nano particles). The proper solubility of such nano particles will be provided by selection of their organic coating.
In the frame of the project, the microwave techniques will a promising and powerful tool in synthesis as nano particles itself (by pyrolisys of corresponding organometallic compounds) as their precursors. In particular, the influence of temperature and heating rate on size, shape and size distribution of ferrite type nano-particles it is planned to study and compare to conventional heating.
The project is devoted to the development of new efficient and power-saving technologies of synthesis of binary inorganic oxides under microwave irradiation. The main attention of researchers is focused on tungstates of cadmium (CdWO4), zink (ZnWO4) and lead (PbWO4) which are raw materials for growing of scintillating single crystals.
The project is divided into two mail parts:
- investigation of solid-phase microwave-assisted inorganic synthesis involving Me(NO3)2-(NH4)10W12O41, MeO-WO3, and MeСO3-WO3 systems (Me = Cd, Pb, Zn);
- investigation of physicochemical properties of these oxides.
The solid-phase syntheses of binary oxides MeWO4 are based on the following reactions:
- 12Me(NO3)2 + (NH4)10W12O41 -> 12MeWO4 + 11NO2 + 23NO + 20H2O
- MeO + WO3 -> MeWO4
- MeСO3 + WO3 -> MeWO4 + СО2
The project is devoted to the elaboration of novel effective and facile approaches to synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles proceeding from unsaturated carbonyls, their synthetic precursor and equivalents. The main goal of the project is synthesis of new photo- and physiologically active partially hydrogenated heterocyclic systems, development of effective chiral additives to liquid crystalline composites, investigations of multicomponent reactions and processes with non-traditional activation methods (microwave and ultrasonic irradiation), study of theoretical problems, mechanisms of the reactions and structures of compounds synthesized.
This work is devoted to rapid generation of a 2-arylbenzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-3(2H)-one combinatorial library. Several approaches to the synthesis of the target compounds was examined. In the final protocol the objective was achieved by application of microwave-assisted synthesis to the reaction of 2-iminocoumarin-3-carboxamides with hydrazine derivatives in a one-pot high-throughput format. This facile protocol allowed fast generation of a 144-membered benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-3(2H)-one library in 43–87%isolated yields and 90 to >99% purity (HPLC). The library members were isolated from 5 ml reaction mixtures, in several hundreds milligram scale. The products, containing functional grouped open for further modification (OH, COOH) were obtained in larger scale using 20 ml reaction mixture volume.
Completed Projects
The aim of the project was to find the most acceptable conditions for scale-up microwave synthesis of a potential pharmaceutical substance. Variation of reagents, catalysts, solvents, and concentrations at different time/temperature microwave conditions allowed synthesis of the desired compound in 5 min instead of 8 hours and improve the reaction yield from 40-50% up to 95% with 98 % purity of the crude isolated substance. Also, in our conditions the reaction temperature was not higher than the boiling point of the solvent applied, and the mixture was homogeneous. Thus, such conditions may be used for the scale-up synthesis of this substance in a continuous-flow microwave reactor.
Kinetic study of 2-aryliminocoumarin-3-carboxamides acetylation was performed by means of microwave heating with a use of system EmrysTM Creator EXP. The reaction mixtures was analyzed by HPLC analysis. Amide group was shown to posses high reactivity according to acetic anhydride in condition of microwave activation. Correlation between the amide reactivity and the electron nature of substituent R was studied and discussed.
General test of microwave system EmrysTM Creator EXP was fulfilled. Several novel microwave-assisted multi-component reactions leading to formation of tetrahydropyrimidine and tetrahydroazolopyrimidine heterocycles were carried out under conventional and microwave conditions. It is shown that application of microwave-assisted synthesis leads to significant reaction time decrease, and in some cases, to formation of products, which cannot be obtained by conventional methods.
The main goal of the project was to study of multicomponent microwave assisted synthesis of partially hydrogenated pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives based on reaction of pyruvic acid with aldehydes and series of 1,3-binucleophilic reagents. In the course of the research work it was planned to establish a dependence of the direction of these reactions from process conditions to extend the field of application of pyruvic acid for synthesis of new heterocycles.
Some project results:
- A novel and effective approach for the synthesis of 5-aryl-5,8-dihydroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acids by refluxing or microwave irradiation of pyruvic acid with aromatic aldehydes and 5-aminotetrazole or 1,2,4-trazole-3-amine in glacial acetic acid.
- A fast and convenient microwave-assisted procedure for the rapid generation of 7-aryl-2-alkylthio-4,7-dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides by three-component condensation of 3-amino-2-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazoles with aromatic aldehydes and acetoacetamides was developed.
- An efficient microwave-assisted synthetic route to 5a-hydroxy-4,5,5a,6,7,8-hexahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolizin-9-ones based on the multicomponent condensation of 5-aminopyrazoles with cyclic 1,3-diketones and aromatic aldehydes was elaborated. Preliminary studies seem to indicate that this novel MCR tolerates diversity in all three building blocks. The key step in the suggested mechanistic pathway involves an unprecedented base-mediated ring-opening/recyclization of the cyclic 1,3-diketone component.
General test of microwave system EmrysTM Creator EXP was fulfilled. An efficient multi-component method for 2-amino-5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-ones under conventional and microwave condition was developed. A fast microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles was proposed. A reaction of 3-aminotriazole, acetone and salicylic aldehydes derivatives was found to lead to a novel oxygen-bridge heterocyclic system that could not be obtained under usual conditions.
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